Abstract
The stability of Cu/ZSM-5 catalysts of different Cu loadings or modified by addition of Na, La, or Ce was studied in lean NO x reduction. Samples were characterized by H 2-TPR, EPR and XRD before and after deactivation. Increasing the Cu loading above 68% of the exchange capacity improved the stability, as did La addition, presumably because these decreased the concentration of protons which were instrumental in the dealumination of the ZSM-5 framework. Addition of Ce had little effect, because CeO 2 was formed and thus did not compete with protons for exchange sites. Addition of Na decreased the stability, because it promoted the formation of inactive CuO particles; in addition, migration of Cu 2+ to a different coordination environment also seemed to contribute to the catalyst deactivation.
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