Abstract
A complete structural phase diagram of annealed proton-exchanged X-cut LiTaO3 is presented, to relate refractive index change to proton-induced lattice deformation. From this diagram, explanations for the previously observed phenomena of index increase upon annealing and index decrease with increasing proton concentration (above a certain value) are derived. We have analyzed the evolution of index profiles during postexchange annealing, describing how the presence of multiple phases within a waveguide can lead to large index variations and buried index profiles. Finally, we identify at least two high-concentration phases that exhibit large temporal instabilities.
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