Effect of CPP/ACP on initial bioadhesion to enamel and dentin in situ.

Susann Grychtol,Christian Hannig,Sabine Basche,Matthias Hannig

doi:10.1155/2014/512682

Abstract

The present in situ study investigated the influence of a preparation containing CPP/ACP (caseinphosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate) (GC Tooth mousse) on initial bacterial colonization of enamel and dentin. Therefore, pellicle formation was performed in situ on bovine enamel and dentin specimens fixed to individual upper jaw splints worn by 8 subjects. After 1 min of pellicle formation GC Tooth mousse was used according to manufacturer's recommendations. Rinses with chlorhexidine served as positive controls. Specimens carried without any rinse served as negative controls. After 8 h overnight exposure of the splints, bacterial colonization was quantified by fluorescence microscopy (DAPI and BacLight live/dead staining). Additionally, the colony forming units (CFU) were determined after desorption. Furthermore, the effects on Streptococcus mutans bacteria were tested in vitro (BacLight). There was no significant impact of CPP/ACP on initial bacterial colonization proved with DAPI and BacLight. Determination of CFU showed statistical significance for CPP/ACP to reduce bacterial adherence on enamel. The in vitro investigation indicated no antimicrobial effects for CPP/ACP on Streptococcus mutans suspension. Under the chosen conditions, CPP/ACP (GC Tooth mousse) had no significant impact on initial biofilm formation on dental hard tissues. The tested preparation cannot be recommended for biofilm management.

Highlights

The prevalence of caries caused by adherence of bacteria and biofilm formation is still one of the greatest challenges in dentistry
The present in situ study investigated the influence of a preparation containing CPP/amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) (GC Tooth mousse) on initial bacterial colonization of enamel and dentin
There was no significant impact of CPP/ACP on initial bacterial colonization proved with DAPI and BacLight

Summary

Introduction

The prevalence of caries caused by adherence of bacteria and biofilm formation is still one of the greatest challenges in dentistry. Biomimetic and bioinspired oral health products containing nanoparticles have been developed to improve biofilm management [1, 2]. GC Tooth Mousse (Tooth Mousse, MI Paste; GC America) is a water based cream containing CPP/ACP. Caseinphosphopeptide- (CPP-) amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) molecules (Recaldent) are derived from casein, a natural protein extracted from milk [3]. The caseinphosphopeptides stabilize nanoclusters of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) in a metastabile solution [3, 4]. The multifactorial anticariogenic mechanisms of CPP/ACP result from maintaining a supersaturated state of enamel minerals at the tooth surface [3]. CPP/ACP has already been shown to prevent demineralization and to promote remineralization of subsurface enamel lesions in animal and human in situ studies [5,6,7]

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