Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate dry matter production of cover crops (oats, turnip, vetch and spontaneous plants) and their effect on bean yield and physical properties of soil after succession. The experimental design was randomized blocks, and treatments consisted of four species of cover crops: oat, turnip, vetch and spontaneous plants, with five replications. The cover crops were sown in winter; when in full bloom, they were cut close to the ground and left underground. The bean crop was then sown underneath this residue in a no-till system. The results show that the cover crop that yielded the most dry matter was oats with 4,900 kg ha -1 , which did not differ statistically from turnip with a yield of 4,000 kg ha -1 . The spontaneous plants produced the least amount of dry matter and differed from the other treatments. The development of vetch was hampered by the environmental conditions of Marechal Cândido Rondon, State of Parana, with dry matter yield of 2,375 kg ha -1 . The highest bean yield (1,204 kg ha -1 ) was found for the planting carried out in succession to oat, and the lowest after succession of vetch (697 kg ha -1 ) and spontaneous plants (575 kg ha -1 ). Cover crops had no effect on macroporosity and total porosity of soil depth from 0.05 to 0.20 m. There was a statistical difference in soil bulk density in the layer from 0.05 to 0.10 m, and bulk density (1.18 kg dm -3 ) was obtained in the treatment
Highlights
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main crops in Brazil, and has been developed under different technological levels and areas in various regions of the country
The results show that there were significant differences between the different species used, and the highest yields of fresh and dry matter were obtained with the cultivation of oats and wild radish
The cover crop with the highest yield of dry matter was oat with 4,900 kg ha-1, which did not differ statistically from radish with 4,000 kg ha-1
Summary
The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the main crops in Brazil, and has been developed under different technological levels and areas in various regions of the country. Paraná State contributed 24% with production around 800 thousand tons, followed by Minas Gerais State (19%) with 620 thousand tons (CONAB, 2010). In Brazil, the average yield of the common bean is 741 kg ha-1, produced under levels of Maringá, v. The search for higher yields and improvements in physical, chemical and biological soil properties require studies aimed at improving bean crop management systems. The use of cover crops in winter in Brazil’s southern region has been a good option to maintain soil moisture, reducing the risk of water deficit in the crop, as the bean root system is very shallow (SIMIDU et al, 2010)
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