Abstract
RESUMO A produção de trigo no cerrado brasileiro enfrenta grandes desafios, principalmente por não ser a região tradicionalmente tritícola e pela ocorrência de inverno quente e seco. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito residual das culturas antecessoras, milho e Urochloa ruziziensis (R. Germ & Evrard), em cultivo exclusivo e em consórcio entre ambas, na presença e ausência da inoculação de sementes com Azospirillum brasilense e adubação nitrogenada (N) em cobertura, no desenvolvimento e na produtividade do trigo. O experimento foi desenvolvido em Selvíria, MS, em 2011/12. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos ao acaso, disposto em esquema fatorial 8x4, com quatro repetições, cujos tratamentos foram constituídos pela combinação de restos culturais (associações de milho, Urochloa ruziziensis e Azospirillum brasilense) e doses de N (0, 30, 60 e 90 kg ha-1) em cobertura, no trigo. Realizaram-se as seguintes avaliações: cobertura vegetal residual (quantidade), características agronômicas, componentes de produção e produtividade da cultura do trigo. As culturas antecessoras apresentaram efeitos positivos na produtividade do trigo cultivado em sucessão, sendo o consórcio de milho e Urochloa ruziziensis, com ou sem inoculação excelente opção de manejo; o incremento da dose de N, em cobertura, até 90 kg ha- 1 aumenta a produtividade de grãos de trigo irrigado, dependendo da cultura antecessora.
Highlights
Wheat is very important in the agricultural production system of southern midwest region of Brazil as an economically viable alternative for crop rotation system, aiming to increase mainly the production of straw and grain yield in no-till systems, as well as reduction of pests and pathogens, among others (Piccinin et al, 2013)
The no-till system is adopted for wheat production in Brazil, and knowledge on previous crop covers and their residual effects on succeeding crops is essential for a correct adoption of the system
The numerous crop species previously cultivated provide variable residual effects, and the recommendation is the use of those with greater potential for increasing yield of economic crops (Aita et al, 2001), since the actual amount of nutrients used by the new crop will depend on the capacity of nutrient and cycling accumulation, as well as the timing between the decomposition of biomass and the period of higher demand by the new crop (Bredemeier & Mundstock, 2001)
Summary
Wheat is very important in the agricultural production system of southern midwest region of Brazil as an economically viable alternative for crop rotation system, aiming to increase mainly the production of straw and grain yield in no-till systems, as well as reduction of pests and pathogens, among others (Piccinin et al, 2013).Initially, the introduction of wheat in areas originally covered with vegetation of cerrado faced problems of cultivar adaptation. Wheat is very important in the agricultural production system of southern midwest region of Brazil as an economically viable alternative for crop rotation system, aiming to increase mainly the production of straw and grain yield in no-till systems, as well as reduction of pests and pathogens, among others (Piccinin et al, 2013). There is need for information on soil and water management for wheat production in these regions, providing increases in crop yield (Souza, 2003). The no-till system is adopted for wheat production in Brazil, and knowledge on previous crop covers and their residual effects on succeeding crops is essential for a correct adoption of the system. The major challenge in N management is to increase the amount absorbed by plants, and, at the same time, decrease the losses due to the complexity of soil and plant interactions (Nunes et al, 2011)
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