EFFECT OF CORONAVIRUS INFECTION ON PATIENTS WITH CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Abstract

Objective: To assess the severity of coronavirus infection in patients with hypertension, including resistantand refractory hypertension, and to assess the effect of taking ACE inhibitors and ARBs on the course of COVID-19. Design and method: We called 252 people with an established diagnosis of hypertension, included in the database from November 2018 to July 2021, in order to identify patients who have recently undergone COVID-19. Initially, the patients were divided into groups depending on the number of drugs taken and the achievement of target blood pressure levels. Results: 21 (8.3%) of 252 people had a coronavirus infection. 10 out of 21 patients (48%) noted blood pressure destabilization. 6 (60%) of these 10 initially belonged to the group of uncontrolled hypertension (4 of 6 had refractory hypertension, 2 of 6 had uncontrolled resistant hypertension), however, all of them noted worsening blood pressure control and increased frequency of hypertensive crises compared with the period before COVID-19. In 4 out of 9 patients with initially controlled hypertension, BP was destabilized with subsequent normalization of BP during the recovery period. COVID-19 lasted no more than 14 days in all patients and hypertensive crises was treated by taking short-acting drugs, including an ACE inhibitor (Captopril) and an imidazoline receptor agonist (Moxonidine). 7 (33.3%) and 12 (57.1%) of 21 patients continued to take ACE inhibitors and ARBs, respectively, during coronavirus infection. In 2 (9.6%) of 21 patients, the target BP values were achieved during monotherapy with calcium channel antagonists. All patients with Covid-19 had mild or moderate disease; hospitalization was not required in any of the cases. Conclusions: COVID-19 can destabilize blood pressure in patients with hypertension. Taking an ACE inhibitor / ARB does not worsen the course of coronavirus infection in patients with both controlled and uncontrolled hypertension.