Abstract
This study investigates transport process in circular tubes cross-flow Heat Exchanger (HEX) using water-CuO-nanofluids cooling media. The effects of nanoparticle volume fractions (Ø) and Reynolds number (Re) on the flow structure, coefficient of skin friction, isotherms and Nusselt number (Nu) are determined for steady laminar flow. The governing equations of continuity, momentum and energy are discretized over the flow domain and solved using SIMPLE method of the Finite Volume Method with ANSYS Fluent 16. The results show that the flow field for the conventional fluid is concentric around the inner tubes for Re up to 60 after which vortices evolve downstream behind the tubes, elongate and eclipse with the increase in Re. Vortex inception occurs at Re between 60 and 45 for 0 ≤ Ø ≤ 10%. The temperature fields are characterized by plume-like structure which envelopes the two inner cylinders between which heat transfer occurs. The average Nusselt number is correlated as Nu = 22.4 - 411,588Ø3 + 0.757Re + 1803.31/ln(Re) in which the interaction between Re and Nu has significant (p ≤ 0.05) effect. The addition of nanoparticles in the range 2 ≤ Ø ≤ 10% results in the increase in Nu from 0.55 to 5.84%. It follows that the thermal performance of the cross flow heat exchanger could be enhanced with CuO-based nanofluids.
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