Effect of Cooling Rate on Graphite Morphology and Mechanical Properties in High-Silicon Ductile Iron Castings

Abstract

This paper investigates the effects of silicon content above 3 wt% and different cooling rates on the graphite morphology and the mechanical properties of ductile cast iron. To research and determine these effects, three grades of high-silicon ductile iron were cast with silicon content of 3 wt%, 3.5 wt% and 4.5 wt%. In order to investigate the effect of different cooling rates during solidification, four sections with different thicknesses were cast in the same mold, i.e., cube with wall thickness 180 mm and standard Y2, Y3 and Y4 keel blocks. Microstructure analysis and tensile test were performed on the as-cast samples. In the second step of analysis, detailed metallographic observations on specially prepared samples were performed in order to investigate the risk of graphite degeneracy appearance, especially chunky graphite formation due to high silicon content and its effect on mechanical properties. The results showed that graphite content, ferrite fraction, yield strength and tensile strength were increased by increasing the silicon content. On the other hand, elongation decreases with increasing silicon content. Also, based on the metallographic observations of the present work, the risk of chunky graphite formation increases with increase in silicon content and with decrease in the cooling rate. Chunky graphite formation affects negatively mechanical properties, especially elongation in ductile cast irons with silicon content higher than 3.5 wt%.