Effect of Conventional and Electronic Cigarettes Smoking on the Color Stability and Translucency of Tooth Colored Restorative Materials: An In Vitro Analysis

Syed Rashid Habib,Ahmed A. Elhejazi,Abdalrahman A. Al-Abdulaziz,Saad S. Alajlan,Hamad A. Alnasser

doi:10.3390/coatings11121568

Syed Rashid Habib, Ahmed A. Elhejazi + Show 3 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11121568

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Journal: Coatings	Publication Date: Dec 20, 2021
Citations: 5	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: King Saud University, Ministry of Health

Abstract

This in vitro study compared the effects of conventional and electronic cigarettes on the aesthetics (color stability and translucency) of two types of composite resins: micro and nano-hybrid. Methods: A total of 120 specimens from two different composite materials Filtek Z250 XT (Nano-hybrid, 3M) and Filtek Z250 (Micro-hybrid, 3M) were divided into four groups (n = 30); shade A2 was used. The samples were exposed to conventional and electronic cigarette smoke via a custom made chamber device. The color values and measurements were recorded using a spectrophotometer before and after the exposure. The color and translucency were evaluated using the three-dimensional CIE Lab. Results: There was a significant change in the color (ΔE) and the translucency parameter (TP) in all of the specimens exposed to electronic cigarettes and conventional cigarettes. The results showed that the highest ΔE mean is for the nano-hybrid composite exposed to conventional cigarettes with 1.74 ΔE while the same material is 0.64 under the electronic cigarettes and the difference is significant with (p < 0.05). The micro-hybrid composite data showed less changes in color under both exposures with 0.85 ΔE mean under the conventional cigarette smoke and 0.48 under the electronic cigarette smoke with (p < 0.004). Conclusions: The conventional cigarette smoke has more effect on the color stability of the composite resins than electronic cigarettes. From a clinical point of view, the effect of smoke exposure on the tested specimens’ color, for the time duration to which the specimens were exposed, were moderate (ΔE < 2). The micro-hybrid composites showed better color stability as compared to the nano-hybrid composites.

Highlights

The aesthetic demand from patients has increased in the past few decades
It was verified that all four groups presented a significant change in color ∆E under exposure to both the electronic and conventional cigarettes and they became darker in color
The results showed that the highest ∆E mean is for the nano-hybrid composite exposed to conventional cigarettes with 1.74 ∆E while the same material is 0.64 under the electronic cigarettes and the difference is significant with (p < 0.05)

Summary

Introduction

Composite resins are the preferred materials for direct restorations [1]; regardless of the outstanding improvement and development of the aesthetic and mechanical properties of resins, some deficiencies still exist [1,2,3]. Restorations that are exposed to some contents of the conventional cigarettes, such as carbon monoxide and ammonia, become yellow or even black and there is a great change in their color [4]. Many factors could cause extrinsic staining to the tooth-colored restorations such as tea, coffee, acidic beverages, and the nicotine in cigarettes [6]. Cigarette smoking changes the color and surface texture of composite leading to increased staining. But it may not return the composite to its original color [7]

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