Abstract
The aim of this in vitro study was to assess the effect of two different adhesive application methods on shear dentin bond strength (ISO 29022) using three various adhesive systems. A mid-coronal section of 77 intact third human molars with fully developed apices was made to create flat bonding substrates. The materials used in the study were Excite F (Ivoclar Vivadent), Prime&Bond Universal (Dentsply Sirona) and G-Premio Bond (GC). The application of each adhesion system was performed in two different ways. In the first group, the bonding agent was light cured immediately after the application (conventional method), while in the second group the adhesive and composite were cured concurrently (“co-curing” method). A total of 180 specimens were prepared (3 adhesives × 2 method of application × 30 specimens per experimental group), stored at 37 °C in distilled water and fractured in shear mode after 1 week. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Weibull statistics. The highest bond strength was obtained for Prime&Bond conventional (21.7 MPa), whilst the lowest bond strength was observed when co-curing was used (particularly, Excite F 12.2 MPa). The results showed a significant difference between conventional and co-curing methods in all materials. According to reliability analysis, the co-curing method diminished bond reliability. Different application techniques exhibit different bond strengths to dentin.
Highlights
The following hypotheses were tested: (1) shear bond strength to dentin is not affected by using different bonding agents, (2) shear bond strength is not affected by adhesive application technique
The null hypothesis of the current study denied any influence of co-curing technique compared to conventional adhesive application on dentin bond strength, as well as different bonding agents has no effect on shear bond strength to dentin
When the fracture process is brittle, the findings reveal a lot of variance, which is due to the features of the examined specimens rather than the material itself [63,66]
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. During the curing process of composites resins, polymerization shrinkage occurs due to the conversion of monomers into polymers which results in a decreased overall volume This can cause the development of internal contraction stresses and stresses at the margins of the restoration [3]. Viswanathan et al, same as Chapman et al reported significantly lower shear bond strengths to dentin when co-cured They based the flaw on two factors: inadequate bonding agent curing and stress contraction of the curing overlapping composite resin [14,15]. Containing incorporated silane, by which universal adhesives can chemically bond to glass-rich ceramics potentially compromised bonding performance [27] The purpose of this laboratory study was to evaluate dentin bond strength of a flowable “bulk fill“ composite resin associated with three various adhesives using different curing techniques. The following hypotheses were tested: (1) shear bond strength to dentin is not affected by using different bonding agents, (2) shear bond strength is not affected by adhesive application technique
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
