Abstract
Various kinds of controlled microtopographies can promote osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), such as microgrooves, micropillars, and micropits. However, the optimal shape, size, and mechanism remain unclear. In this review, we summarize the relationship between the parameters of different microtopographies and the behavior of MSCs. Then, we try to reveal the potential mechanism between them. The results showed that the microgrooves with a width of 4–60 μm and ridge width <10 μm, micropillars with parameters less than 10 μm, and square micropits had the full potential to promote osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, while the micromorphology of the same size could induce larger focal adhesions (FAs), well-organized cytoskeleton, and superior cell areas. Therefore, such events are possibly mediated by microtopography-induced mechanotransduction pathways.
Highlights
Surface topography have effects on cellular responses including contact guidance and influence on cellular functions, which have been proven for several years [1, 2]
Micropatterns provide a wide opportunity for the fabrication of surface with defined shape, size, and spatial arrangement. is permits researchers to explore the interactions between micropatterns and Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), including cellular adhesion, morphology, and osteogenic differentiation
The surface feature showed the highest level of protein expression of integrin, which is an important component of focal adhesions (FAs). is indicated that there is a connection between cell adhesion and osteogenic differentiation of MSCs
Summary
Surface topography have effects on cellular responses including contact guidance and influence on cellular functions, which have been proven for several years [1, 2]. Implant surface with microscale designs such as microgrooves [9,10,11], micropillars [12, 13], and micropits [14, 15] have been created to induce the osteogenic differentiation behavior of MSCs and improve the osseointegration, allowing immediate or early functional loading in patients with reduced bone density. Erefore, inducing the differentiation of MSCs towards the osteoblast lineage by providing microtopographical cues may assist more rapid and stable osseointegration. En, we attempt to identify the potential mechanism with regard to how microtopographies affect manual osteogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. We hope these will provide reference for future implant surface topography design
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