Effect of connective tissue graft orientation on the root coverage outcomes of coronally advanced flap

Abstract

The aim of the present study was the evaluation of the effect of connective tissue graft orientation on clinical outcome of root coverage procedure when applied in conjunction with coronally advanced flap. Sixteen similar bilateral recession defects--Miller's class I and II--in eight patients were treated using coronally advanced flap and connective tissue graft harvested from the palate. The defects in each patient were randomly allocated to P-teeth or P-flap groups with the periosteum contacting the tooth surface or the flap, respectively. After initial scaling and root planing, acrylic templates of the treatment sites were generated. Recession depth (RD), recession width (RW), gingival sulcular depth, clinical attachment level, length of keratinized tissue, papilla width, and percentage of root coverage were measured at baseline, 1 and 3 months postoperatively. Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney U tests were used for analyzing the data. The reduction in RD averaged 3.68 mm in P-teeth and 3.25 mm in P-flap. RW decreased 2.68 and 2.6 mm in P-teeth and P-flap, respectively. Keratinized tissue increased an average of 1.25 mm in P-teeth and 1.31 mm in P-flap. Clinical attachment gain equaled 3.87 mm for P-teeth and 3.32 mm for P-flap. All variables exhibited significant improvement compared to baseline (P < 0.0001), but between-group differences were negligible (P > 0.05). It could be concluded that while the application of connective tissue graft with coronally advanced flap is efficient for coverage of Miller's class I and II gingival recession defects, the short-term clinical outcome of this surgical method is not affected by orientation of connective tissue graft.