Abstract
As an integral part of a lithium-ion battery, carbonaceous conductive agents have an important impact on the performance of the battery. Carbon sources (e.g., granular Super-P and KS-15, linear carbon nanotube, layered graphene) with different morphologies were added into the battery as conductive agents, and the effects of their morphologies on the electrochemical performance and processability of spherical lithium iron phosphate were investigated. The results show that the linear carbon nanotube and layered graphene enable conductive agents to efficiently connect to the cathode materials, which contribute to improving the stability of the electrode-slurry and reducing the internal resistance of cells. The batteries using nanotubes and graphene as conductive agents showed weaker battery internal resistance, excellent electrochemical performance and low-temperature dischargeability. The battery using carbon nanotube as the conductive agent had the best overall performance with an internal resistance of 30 mΩ. The battery using a carbon nanotube as the conductive agent exhibited better low-temperature performance, whose discharge capacity at −20 °C can reach 343 mAh, corresponding to 65.0% of that at 25 °C.
Highlights
As a cathode material for the preparation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphates have developed at a high speed and occupy an enormous portion of the world market, having skyrocketed with the development of the new energy automobile market [1,2]
The conductive agents consisted of traditional additives (Super-P and KS-15 combination, referred to as LFP-SK), carbon nanotube and graphene
Three morphologically different conductive agents were added into the slurry, and the 14,500 cylindrical batteries were successfully fabricated by coating and winding
Summary
As a cathode material for the preparation of lithium-ion batteries, lithium iron phosphates have developed at a high speed and occupy an enormous portion of the world market, having skyrocketed with the development of the new energy automobile market [1,2]. The conductive agent is used as a mediator [18] to form a conductive network in the cathode materials, which can reduce the contact resistance of the electrode and improve electron transport rate. Because CNT and G possess unique tubular and sheet structures, unique mechanical properties and excellent electronic conductivity, increasing the conductivity of the materials and decreasing the electrode polarization, these materials have led to an outstanding rate performance in the battery [21,22]. No attention has been given to the inspection of the effects of conductive agent morphology on the processability and electrochemical performance of batteries. In this paper, the effects of conductive agent morphology on the processing and electrochemical performance of micron-sized spherical lithium iron phosphate was systematically studied. The evaluation consisted of Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM, FEI, Hong Kong, China), battery internal resistance, cycling and low-temperature performance
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