Effect of Concentrated Growth Factor on Distraction Osteogenesis of Dental Implant Distractors

Abstract

The periosteum of bone segments can be destroyed during the installation of a dental implant distractor (DID) device, resulting in bone defects on the exposed side of the distraction gap. The purpose of this animal experiment is to explore the application of concentrated growth factor (CGF) in DID surgery, which can induce angiogenesis and osteogenesis and improve osteogenesis defects caused by periosteum loss on the exposed side of bone segments. CGF is the latest generation of platelet concentrate. Twenty-four DID devices inserted into the tibias of 8 goats were evenly divided into the CGF and control groups. Following 10days of distraction and a 12-week consolidation period, all 8 animals were euthanized to retrieve their tibias. The distraction gap between each segment was measured at 5 points, and the average value was taken as the computed tomography (CT) value of the distraction gap at 4, 8, and 12weeks after distraction. The vascular density and trabecular bone volume of each DID distraction gap were determined and statistically compared between the 2 groups. The CT value of the distraction gap increased gradually in control groups at 4, 8, and 12weeks after distraction to 319.3±14.6, 449.3±34.4, and 614.0±15.6 HU in the control group and 368.3±8.8, 544.5±12.3, and 661.0±8.1 HU in the CGF group. The trabecular bone volume was 281.7±16.5 and 209.7±21.6μm2 in the CGF group and control group. The vascular density was 17.7±2.1 and 11.7±1.9 in the CGF group and control group. Statistically significant differences were observed in the CT value (P=.002), vascular density (P=.023), and trabecular bone volume (P=.010) between the CGF and control groups. The application of an autogenous CGF membrane in DID surgery repaired bone defects caused by osteolysis around osteotomy segments.