Effect of Collagen-Chitosan-Glycerol Composition in Scaffold for Gingival Recession Therapy

Abstract

The case of gingival recession has a high prevalence, about 88% of the population of the United States in one or more locations suffering from gingival recession. One of the handling cases of gingival recession is to use scaffold that includes the development of tissue and cell engineering. This study aims to determine the best composition variation scaffold of collagen-chitosan with the addition of glycerol. The process of synthesis of collagen-chitosan-glycerol scaffold using freeze dry method that can form pores on the scaffold. Characterization was also carried out on the results of the synthesis of collagen-chitosan scaffold with the addition of glycerol include the morphological characterization, tensile, cytotoxicity, swelling, degradation, and thickness. The results of morphological characterization showed pore size ranged from 26.68 - 191.7 μm with a thickness of 0.51 - 0.65 mm which was suitable for handling of gingival recession cases. The result of tensile test showed that the variation of 9: 1 has the lowest value that is 2.87 MPa where the value is close to tensile strength value for periodontal which has a value ranging from 2.75 to 5.13. The characterization of cytotoxicity shows a value that is less in line with the literature, where live cells <50%. This is because collagen and chitosan have an acidic pH so that the cells cannot reproduce. Characterization of degradation shows all the variations experienced a severe reduction process from day to day. The characterization of the swelling of all samples was equilibrated at 7 minute. Chitosan-collagen scaffold with the addition of glycerol has good potential as a scaffold candidate for gingival recession therapy based on morphological characterization (thickness and surface structure), the mechanical strength (tensile strength), degradation, and the degree of swelling.