Effect of Cold Acclimation on the Broiler Chicks' Resistance to Dietary Aflatoxin

Abstract

The effect of acclimation to environmental temperatures of 10 to 12 or 28 to 30 C on the resistance of broiler chicks to dietary aflatoxin was examined. Broiler chicks were acclimated from day-of-age for 2 wk to environmental temperatures of 10 to 12 or 28 to 30 C. On Day 14, a single oral dose of aflatoxin (8 mg per kg of body weight) was administered to 50 chicks in each environment. An increase in aflatoxin resistance, as assessed by survival rate, was conveyed by acclimation to cold temperatures. In each environmental chamber, a separate group of chicks was maintained for 2 additional wk, but those groups received 5 mg of aflatoxin per kg feed.By the end of the study, aftatoxicosis was characterized by: 1) a significant (P≤.05) decrease in body weight; 2) increases in spleen weight, liver weight, liver lipid, and liver dry-matter content; 3) changes in the serum levels of total protein, albumin, glucose, cholesterol, uric acid, potassium, phosphorus, iron and calcium; and 4) increased hepatic hyperplasia. Acclimation to 10 to 12 C was characterized by: 1) an increase in body weight, liver weight, spleen weight and bursa weight; 2) changes in the serum glucose and potassium levels; and 3) a decrease in glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase activity.Significant aflatoxin by temperature interactions were evident only in serum levels of glucose and phosphorus, and in the serum activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase. These data suggest that acclimation to cool temperatures does not play a significant role in the resistance by broiler chickens to chronic aflatoxin exposure.