Effect of Co-Inoculation of Bacillus sp. Strain with Bacterial Endophytes on Plant Growth and Colonization in Tomato Plant (Solanum lycopersicum)

Ahsanul Salehin,Md Hafizur Rahman Hafiz,Ramesh Raj Puri,Kazuhito Itoh

doi:10.3390/microbiolres12020032

Abstract

Colonization of a biofertilizer Bacillus sp. OYK strain, which was isolated from a soil, was compared with three rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains to evaluate the colonization potential of the Bacillus sp. strains with a different origin. Surface-sterilized seeds of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Chika) were sown in the sterilized vermiculite, and four Bacillus sp. strains were each inoculated onto the seed zone. After cultivation in a phytotron, plant growth parameters and populations of the inoculants in the root, shoot, and rhizosphere were determined. In addition, effects of co-inoculation and time interval inoculation of Bacillus sp. F-33 with the other endophytes were examined. All Bacillus sp. strains promoted plant growth except for Bacillus sp. RF-37, and populations of the rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. strains were 1.4–2.8 orders higher in the tomato plant than that of Bacillus sp. OYK. The plant growth promotion by Bacillus sp. F-33 was reduced by co-inoculation with the other endophytic strains: Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, Enterobacter sp. Sal 3, and Herbaspirillum sp. Sal 6., though the population of Bacillus sp. F-33 maintained or slightly decreased. When Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 was inoculated after Bacillus sp. F-33, the plant growth-promoting effects by Bacillus sp. F-33 were reduced without a reduction of its population, while when Bacillus sp. F-33 was inoculated after Klebsiella sp. Sal 1, the effects were increased in spite of the reduction of its population. Klebsiella sp. Sal 1 colonized dominantly under both conditions. The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggests the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization. The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms.

Highlights

OYK, which was isolated from a soil, in relation to its origin by comparing it with those of the other Bacillus sp. strains isolated from plant endosphere and rhizosphere, and to elucidate the effects of co-inoculation of the endophytic Bacillus sp. strain with the other endophytes on their colonization and plant growth-promoting activities
The plant growth promotion and colonization potentials were independently affected by the co-existing microorganisms
The higher population of rhizospheric and endophytic Bacillus sp. in the plant suggest the importance of the origin of the strains for their colonization

Summary

Introduction

Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) are becoming more widely accepted in intensive agriculture to enhance sustainable agricultural production in various parts of the world [1]. PGPR contain a diverse range of bacteria and several mechanisms have been proposed though they are not fully understood [2]. In sustainable agricultural practices using PGPR, inoculation techniques for their colonization at the rhizosphere is critical [3]; a further understanding of the interactions of PGPR with plant and indigenous rhizobacteria is essential. Bacillus spp. have been recognized as one of the most important PGPR and widely used for sustainable agriculture as biofertilizers and/or antagonists against plant diseases [4,5,6,7,8]

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