Abstract
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive neuromodulation technique for treating neurological and psychiatric disorders. It is a proven technique that is safe and considered very effective when compared to conventional brain surgery or drug therapy. Researchers and clinicians are interested in understanding the distribution of the induced electric field (E-Field) during TMS and determining its effectiveness in treating neurological disorders. TMS studies are primarily focused on enhancing the focality and depth of penetration of the induced electric field in order to increase its effectiveness. Coil orientation has been confirmed to have an effect on the magnitude and direction of the induced E-Field. In this paper, we study the effect of the orientation of the novel Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) on the distribution of the induced E-Field. Finite element analyses were conducted with the orientation of the QBC in steps of 15° over the vertex of two head models and about the transverse (XY –) plane and coronal (XZ –) plane of the head model. The maximum electric field intensity (E-Max) and stimulated volume of the brain (V-Half) were computed and compared to determine the optimal coil orientation.
Highlights
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique of modulating the neurons of the brain which has been used in research and clinically to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders
TMS has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) using the commercially available Figure-of-Eight coil and the H1 coil
We have studied the effect of the orientation of the Quadruple Butterfly Coil (QBC) on the distribution of the induced electric field (E-Field) during TMS
Summary
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) is a non-invasive technique of modulating the neurons of the brain which has been used in research and clinically to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders. Over the last decade, TMS has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) using the commercially available Figure-of-Eight coil (in 2008) and the H1 coil (in 2013). It was FDA approved for the treatment of migraine headaches in 2013 and obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2018.4,5 When compared to other mechanisms of treatment such as deep brain stimulation, TMS is considered safe since it is non-invasive. TMS has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) using the commercially available Figure-of-Eight coil (in 2008) and the H1 coil (in 2013).. TMS has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) using the commercially available Figure-of-Eight coil (in 2008) and the H1 coil (in 2013).3 It was FDA approved for the treatment of migraine headaches in 2013 and obsessive-compulsive disorder in 2018.4,5 When compared to other mechanisms of treatment such as deep brain stimulation, TMS is considered safe since it is non-invasive. This magnetic field induces an electric field (E-Field) that causes the neurons’ activation by modulating the potential in the brain, which results in the polarization or depolarization of the neurons.
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