Abstract
Aluminum substituted Calcium-Magnesium (Ca-Mg) hexaferrites having general formula Ca0.5Mg0.5Fe12-xAlxO19 (where x is increased with increment of 0.5 from 0.0 to 2.0) are prepared by sol–gel auto combustion technique. X-ray diffraction patterns confirm the hexagonal structure with no evidence of secondary phases. The reduction in lattice parameters is observed as the Al+3 doping level increases. This can be attributed to the short ionic radii of Al+3 ions (0.535 Å) compared to Fe+3 ions (0.645 Å). The obtained c/a ratio falls within the acceptable range of 3.98. Consequently, the formation of magnetoplumbite structure is also confirmed. The SEM image reveals the uniform distribution of particles. The exchange of Fe+3 ions with coercive Al+3 ions led to a decline in saturation magnetization Ms and a significant increase in the coercivity Hc. The magnetic moment mB and Mr of hexaferrites exhibit a decline when Al ions are introduced. This reduction can be ascribed to several factors: the substitution of non-magnetic Al3+ ions in place of Fe3+ ions, the spin-canted ordering of Fe3+ ions, and the valency of Fe ions from 3+ to 2+.
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