Effect of Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation on Middle Molecules in Hemodialysis Patients: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Abstract

Background: Middle molecules, including some cytokines such as IL-6 and TNF-α, parathyroid hormone, etc., are types of uremic toxins having roles in the development of inflammation in hemodialysis patients. Different studies evaluating effects of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) on different inflammation markers in hemodialysis patients have controversial results. Moreover, no study determined the effect of CoQ10 on plasma concentration of IL-6, the most powerful predictor of poor outcomes and mortality, in hemodialysis patients. Therefore, a study was designed to examine the effects of CoQ10 supplementation on IL-6, TNF-α, and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) in chronic hemodialysis patients.
 Methods: In this single-blind randomized controlled trial, patients undergoing hemodialysis were randomly assigned to CoQ10 (100 mg/day) or control group. The duration of the study was 12 weeks. The plasma concentrations of IL-6, as the primary outcome, and TNF-α and iPTH, as the secondary outcomes, were measured at baseline and week 12.
 Results: Of 73 enrolled patients, 68 completed the study. At the end of the study, there were no significant differences in the concentrations of IL-6 (p=0.570), TNF-α (p=0.301), and iPTH (p=0.642) between the two groups. The standardized mean difference (CoQ10 vs. control) was -0.13 (95% CI -0.60; 0.35) for IL-6, -0.25 (95% CI -0.73; 0.22) for TNF-α, and 0.11 (95% CI -0.36; 0.59) for iPTH.
 Conclusion: This study showed a trivial effect of CoQ10 supplementation on the concentrations of IL-6 and iPTH and a small effect on the level of TNF-α in hemodialysis patients.