Abstract
This short review makes it clear that after 90 years, the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) process is still not well understood. While it is agreed that it is primarily a polymerization process, giving rise to a distribution of mainly olefins and paraffins; the mechanism by which this occurs on catalysts is still a subject of much debate. Many of the FT features, such as deactivation, product distributions, kinetics and mechanism, and equilibrium aspects of the FT processes are still subjects of controversy, regardless of the progress that has been made so far. The effect of molecules co-feeding in FTS on these features is the main focus of this study. This review looks at some of these areas and tries to throw some light on aspects of FTS since the inception of the idea to date with emphasis and recommendation made based on nitrogen, water, ammonia, and olefins co-feeding case studies.
Highlights
The addition of molecules other than syngas in the reactor during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is considered co-feeding of that molecule to the FTS
Thethe effect of of nitrogen co-feeding intointo the the reactor with a reactive distillation mapping leading to the suggestion that further to kinetics, reactor with a reactive distillation mapping leading to the suggestion that further to kinetics, thermodynamic equilibrium equilibrium and and vapour–liquid equilibrium (VLE)
Maximizing the yield of high-value product is a critical factor for the commercialization and Maximizing the yield of high-value product is a critical factor for the commercialization and successful implementation of the FT process
Summary
The addition of molecules other than syngas in the reactor during Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) is considered co-feeding of that molecule to the FTS. Several researchers have investigated the addition of water to elucidate the water effect on both activity and selectivity [1,2,3,4] on the catalyst deactivation [5,6,7], the kinetics and mechanism [8,9,10], and product distribution [3]. A series of FTS experiments, which entail the co-feeding of CO2 were conducted in a fixed bed reactor over a cobalt-based catalyst to investigate the catalyst deactivation, catalytic activity, and product selectivity and formation rates [28]. This review is undertaken to summarize and consolidate the co-feeding work done so far and to try explaining findings in terms of controlling the catalytic activity, the selectivity of desired products, products distributions, understanding the mechanism, kinetics, and/or thermodynamics of the Fischer–Tropsch (FT) processes
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