Abstract
Continuous heat accumulation in the directed energy deposition (DED) usually leads to irregular shape of the molten pool and seriously affects property of the part, while the closed-loop control of melt pool width (MPW) is a challenging issue. In this research, process monitoring and closed-loop controlled MPW to adjust real-time cladding quality is achieved. The laser power during the DED was optimized in order to maintain a steady MPW by proportion integration differentiation algorithm. Subsequently, the effect of closed-loop control method on the tensile property was investigated in particular. The results illustrated that closed-loop controlled MPW not only affected the cooling rate and reduced the melt pool width significantly, but also promoted phase transformation and grain refinement. More small-sized radial cleavage planes formed due to grain refinement, leading to the increase in ultimate tensile strength of ~59 % at 1600 W in the control mode.
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