Abstract
Quantitative and qualitative composition of essential oils of peppermint breeds Lebedinaya Pesnya, Lubenchanka, Lidiya, Ukrainskaya Perechnaya, Mama, Chornolista was investigated before and after clonal microreproduction by the method of isolated tissues and bodies culture in vitro. Methods of essential oil steam distillation, capillary gas chromatography and statistical analysis were used in the research. It is established that increase in essential oil quantity was observed for peppermint breeds on which reproduction and improvement іn vіtro technology was applied. As a result of clonal microreproduction of peppermint plants in culture іn vіtro on nutrient medium Murasige and Skug, in which the growth regulators 0.75 mg/l of 6-benzylaminopurine, 0.1 mg/l of adenine, 0.05 mg/l of indolil-3-acetic acid and 0.5 mg/l of gibberellins acid were added and virocide Ribavirin in concentration 10 mg/l, improvement was obtained in comparison with vegetatively reproduced plants; increase in essential oil quantity per hectare was established for the following breeds; Chornolista by 54.2%, Lebedinaya pesnya by 38.2%, Ukrainskaya Perechnaya by 36.7%, Mama by 28.5%, Lubenchanka by 17.1% and Lidiya by 11.6%. For oil content the highest indices were noted for Lubenchanka, Mama and Lebedinaya Pesnya peppermint breeds with product yield 4.02%, 3.98% and 3.84% respectively. It was established that the essential oil component composition in non-clonal peppermint plants raw materials and plants-regenerants after culture in vitro is variable depending on breed. Limonene, cineole, menthone, menthofuran, iso-menthone, menthyl acetate, β-caryophyllene, iso-menthol, menthol, pulegone, germacren, piperitone, carvone were identified in peppermint essential oil. High content of menthol, low content of carvone, piperitone, pulegone (except for Chornolista, Ukrainskaya Perechnaya breeds) and menthofuran (except for Chornolista, Ukrainskaya Perechnaya and Lubenchanka breeds) are characteristic for Ukrainian selection peppermint investigated breeds. A clear tendency to menthol and menthone content ratio increase is observed in plants which were improved in conditions іn vіtro. Pulegone was not detected in essential oil samples of Lebedinaya Pesnya, Lidiya and Mama breeds. Biochemical markers of Lebedinaya Pesnya, Lubenchanka, Mama breeds, which differentiate them within the group of investigated breeds, are higher limonene, piperitone and menthol pool; for Ukrainskaya Perechnaya and Chornolista breeds – pulegone, cineole and menthone; for Lidiya breed – iso-menthone.
Highlights
According to State Statistics Service data nearly 50 species of plants whose raw materials are used for medicinal preparation manufacture are cultivated in Ukraine
The purpose of our work is to investigate within three years the quantitative content and qualitative composition of essential oil components of peppermint breeds of the Ukrainian selection Lebedina Pisnya, Lubenchanka, Lidiya, Ukrainska Perechna, Mama, Chornolista, received from plants after vegetative reproduction and clonal microreproduction іn vіtro
Our research found that the quantity of menthol increased in all plants after culture іn vіtro application, which concurs with the findings presented in Santoro et al (2013) publication, which studied growth regulators’ influence on Mentha pіperіta plants іn vіtro aiming at growth and essential oil synthesis maximalisation in microreproducted plantsregenerants
Summary
According to State Statistics Service data nearly 50 species of plants whose raw materials are used for medicinal preparation manufacture are cultivated in Ukraine. Structural parts of these plants contain biologically active substances which positively influence the human organism. Peppermint is one of the most widespread and traditionally cultivated species It is cultivated as industrial culture in all climatic zones of Ukraine, Moldova, Russia (Krasnodar territory and North Caucasus), Belarus, and in many countries of Europe, Central Asia, Africa, India and the North America. Mint is a source for obtaining pharmaceutic leaf, essential oil and its components, which are widely used in the chemical-pharmaceutical, perfume-cosmetic, confectionery, food, liqueur and spirits, tobacco, paint and coatings industries and medicine (Vojtkevіch, 1999; Tkachenko, 2011)
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