Abstract
The study examined the effectiveness of various coal combustion products (CCPs) [fly ash (FA), fluidized bed combustion ash (FBC), and flue gas desulfurization gypsum (FGD)] on phosphorus (P) adsorption in soils using batch sorption studies. The results indicated that P adsorption increased with increasing application rates of CCPs. The effect of CCPs in increasing P adsorption followed: FBC > FA > FGD. There was an inverse relationship between the CCP-induced increase in P adsorption and initial soil pH, demonstrating that acidic and neutral soils responded more effectively to CCP addition than alkaline soils. The increases in soil pH and calcium (Ca) concentration in the soil solution resulting from CCP application enhanced P retention through adsorption and precipitation reactions.
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