Abstract
Abstract The effect of different cinnamon essential oil (CEO) contents on flammability, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of nanocellulose fibre–reinforced starch biopolymer composites was studied. This sugar palm nanocellulose reinforced with sugar palm starch, containing 0–2% CEO, was prepared through solution casting technique. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, the cross-sections of the CEO-containing films showed appearance of micro-porous spots as micro-porous holes because of the occurrence of partial evaporation on the cryo-fractured surface as a result of the vacuum condition. Increment in CEO concentration resulted in increasing trend of the number and size of the micro-porous holes. Significant increase was observed in the thermal stability with the CEO loading when compared with neat composites. Besides that, increasing CEO loading also resulted in decrement of linear burning rate of the composites.
Highlights
The effect of different cinnamon essential oil (CEO) contents on flammability, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of nanocellulose fibre– reinforced starch biopolymer composites was studied
Adding 0.8, 1.2, 1.6% and 2.0% CEO to the sugar palm nanocellulose (SPN)/Sugar palm starch (SPS) biofilm yielded uneven surface structures with the increasing surface coarseness with CEO concentration (Figure 2b–f), similar to the findings reported by Choi et al [74]
The appearance of abundant holes corresponded to the position of the oil droplets, where these droplets could partially vaporize on the cryo-fractured surface during scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis because of the high vacuum condition
Summary
Abstract: The effect of different cinnamon essential oil (CEO) contents on flammability, thermal stability and morphological characteristics of nanocellulose fibre– reinforced starch biopolymer composites was studied. This sugar palm nanocellulose reinforced with sugar palm starch, containing 0–2% CEO, was prepared through solution casting technique. From scanning electron microscopy analysis, the cross-sections of the CEO-containing films showed appearance of micro-porous spots as micro-porous holes because of the occurrence of partial evaporation on the cryo-fractured surface as a result of the vacuum condition. Significant increase was observed in the thermal stability with the CEO loading when compared with neat composites. Besides that, increasing CEO loading resulted in decrement of linear burning rate of the composites
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