Effect of cilazapril therapy on glucose and lipid metabolism in patients with hypertension

Abstract

The effects of long-term monotherapy with cilazapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, on blood pressure, glucose tolerance, and serum lipid profiles were prospectively investigated in 66 patients with hypertension: 23 with normal glucose tolerance and 43 with glucose intolerance (including 9 patients with non—insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus). The levels of plasma glucose, serum insulin, serum lipid, glycated hemoglobin A 1c (Hb A 1c), and fructosamine were determined before and during long-term (mean ± SD, 26.2 ± 1.2 weeks) therapy with cilazapril. A 75-g oral glucose tolerance test was performed before and during treatment. Significant reduction in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures in both patient groups were maintained during the study. Neither fasting nor post—glucose load venous plasma glucose levels were altered in either group of patients, and no patient with normal glucose tolerance developed diabetes mellitus during the study. There was no significant change in the insulinogenic index (Δserum insulin/Δvenous plasma glucose at 30 minutes post—glucose load) in either group, and glucose intolerance was slightly improved with significant reductions ( P < 0.01) in Hb A 1c and fructosamine in the patient group with impaired glucose tolerance. Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were significantly ( P < 0.01) decreased and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels increased in patients with hypercholesterolemia (TC levels ≥5.69 mmol/L). These results suggest that long-term cilazapril therapy may improve glucose and lipid metabolism in hypertensive patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Cilazapril also appears to be useful as an antihypertensive with either impaired glucose tolerance or hypercholesterolemia.