Abstract
Introduction. Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings. Anodic materials with unique properties include metal matrix composites based on aluminum. The aim of the work is to develop new aluminum matrix anode composite materials with high efficiency indicators during electrospark alloying of carbon steel 45. Materials and Methods. Structural carbon steel 45 was used as the substrate (cathode). Aluminum matrix materials are chosen as the anode materials. The value of the cathode weight increment and the anode erosion were determined by the gravimetric method on the Shinko Denshi HTR-220 CE electronic scale with an accuracy of ±∙10–4 g. To study the microstructure and metallography of the surface of the anode materials, the microscopes EVO-50 XVP and Altami MET 3 APO from S. ZEISS were used. The device CALOTEST CSM Instruments was used to study coatings for microabrasive wear. Results. There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes. The mode of Institute of Materials Science electrospark installation with pulse energy of 14.4 J was set for anode material application during electrospark alloying. It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times. Discussion and Conclusion. The series of increasing the cathode mass, the erosion resistance of the electrode materials, mass transfer coefficient, heat resistance, hardness and wear resistance of the alloyed layer are obtained. The obtained series are a convenient tool for achieving various efficiency parameters in electric spark alloying depending on the selected anode material and processing modes.
Highlights
Electrospark alloying is used to produce hardening coatings
There is developed a methodological scheme for achieving the efficiency of the electric spark alloying parameters and the properties of the doped layer depending on the composition of the anodic metal matrix composite material based on aluminum with the addition of chromium and processing modes
It is established that after electric spark alloying of steel 45, the hardness and wear resistance of the surface increase by 2-3 times, and the heat resistance ‒ by 5–18 times
Summary
Российская Федерация) 2ФГБУН «Институт химии Дальневосточного отделения Российской академии наук» Цель работы – разработка новых анодных алюмоматричных композиционных материалов с высокими показателями эффективности при электроискровом легировании углеродистой стали 45. Для исследования микроструктуры и металлографии поверхности анодных материалов использовался микроскоп EVO-50 XVP и Altami МЕТ 3 АПО фирмы С.ZEISS. Разработана методологическая схема достижения эффективности параметров электроискрового легирования и свойств легированного слоя в зависимости от состава анодного металломатричного композиционного материала на основе алюминия с добавлением хрома и режимов обработки. Для нанесения материала анода при электроискровом легировании установлен режим электроискровой установки «ИМЭЛ» с энергией импульсов 14,4 Дж. Они являются удобным инструментом для достижения тех или иных параметров эффективности при электроискровом легировании в зависимости от выбранного анодного материала и режимов обработки. Ключевые слова: электроискровое легирование, анодные металломатричные материалы, твердость, износостойкость, жаростойкость.
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