Abstract
Heat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body. Heat stress stimulates oxidative stress in intestinal tissue and suppresses the immune responses of mice. The protecting effects of chitosan on heat stress induced colitis have not been reported. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of chitosan on immune function in heat stressed mice. Mice were exposed to heat stress (40 °C per day for 4 h) for 14 consecutive days. The mice (C57BL/6J), were randomly divided into three groups including: control group, heat stress, Chitosan group (LD: group 300 mg/kg/day, MD: 600 mg/kg/day, HD: 1000 mg/kg/day). The results showed that tissue histology was improved in chitosan groups than heat stress group. The current study showed that the mice with oral administration of chitosan groups had improved body performance as compared with the heat stress group. The results also showed that in chitosan treated groups the production of HSP70, TLR4, p65, TNF-α, and IL-10 was suppressed on day 1, 7, and 14 as compared to the heat stress group. In addition Claudin-2, and Occludin mRNA levels were upregulated in mice receiving chitosan on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress. Furthermore, the IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α plasma levels were down-regulated on day 1, 7, and 14 of heat stress in mice receiving the oral administration of chitosan. In conclusion, the results showed that chitosan has an anti-inflammatory ability to tolerate hot environmental conditions.
Highlights
Heat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body
The present study showed that the weight of the mice in the control group increased steadily, and the body weight of the heat-stressed mice showed a downward trend during the whole exposure of heat stress
Among all the chitosan treated groups LD and MD doses were suitable to increased body weight trend as compared with heat stress group
Summary
Heat stress can significantly affect the immune function of the animal body. Heat stress stimulates oxidative stress in intestinal tissue and suppresses the immune responses of mice. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effects of chitosan on immune function in heat stressed mice. The current study showed that the mice with oral administration of chitosan groups had improved body performance as compared with the heat stress group. Pigs were administrated with COS and there was evidence of increased growth p erformance[19] It can significantly increase the expression level of intestinal tight junction proteins[20], which has great development for the prevention and control of animal inflammatory bowel disease. We reported the effects of COS on Heat stress induced inflammation in colonic tissue and immune pathways, including the serum inflammatory cytokines response. The protecting effects of COS on heat stress induced colitis have not been reported the purpose of this study was to investigate the protective effects of COS on heat stressinduced colitis
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