Effect of Chitosan Drug-Loaded Nanoparticles on Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells and Expression of Prdx6 Protein

Abstract

Since there are many problems in the clinical application of traditional chemotherapy drugs for gastric cancer (GC), including poor water solubility and insufficient targeting, the preparation of docetaxel nanoparticles (NPs) with chitosan (CS) as the carrier under nanotechnology can improve its water solubility and targeting and thus improve the bioavailability and antitumor effect. GX1 was used as a GC target molecule, N-deoxycholic acid (DCA) hydroxyethyl CS was used as a nanodrug carrier, and docetaxel was used as an antitumor angiogenesis drug to fabricate GC target NPs. The physical characterization was analyzed, the sustained release performance was further analyzed, and the anticancer performance was tested from in vitro and in vivo perspectives. After the NPs were transfected into GC cells, Prdx6 protein level in the cancer cells was determined by western blotting, and the survival rate of GC cells was determined by cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8). Experiments showed that the encapsulation efficiency and drug loading rate of GC-targeted NPs reached 51.8% and 24.3%, respectively. The average particle size was 148.7 nm, and the surface showed smooth and homogeneous aggregation. docetaxel in the NPs belongs to pH-responsive sustained release, and the drug diffusion type belongs to non-Fickian diffusion. in vitro tests showed that GX1 can improve the uptake rate of the NPs by gastric vascular endothelial cells, and in vivo tests showed that the NPs can greatly limit the growth rate of GC tumors in nude mice (P < 0.01). Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) results of tumor sections showed that NPs could induce a large amount of tumor cell apoptosis. The expression of Prdx6 protein in GC cells was decreased after transfection with NPs (P < 0.05), and NPs notably inhibited the proliferation of GC cells (P < 0.01).