Effect of chitin waste-based composts produced by two-phase composting on two oomycete plant pathogens

Abstract

Biphasic composts were prepared by first mixing peat moss and sawdust with a nitrogen-rich biomass such as chitinous waste or cow manure and composting them until termination of the thermophilic phase. These partially stabilized composts were then amended with shrimp waste inducing a second thermophilic phase. Filter-sterilized water extracts obtained from two mature biphasic composts (SP2W2+S and MPW+S) reduced the growth of two oomycete plant pathogens, Phytophthora fragariae var. rubi and Pythium ultimum. Both SP2W2+S and MPW+S composts significantly reduce the incidence of cucumber damping-off caused by Pythium ultimum as compared to a commercial brand of compost made from shrimp waste and peat moss. Hydrolysis products of chitin were unlikely to be responsible for growth inhibition since no oligomeric forms of chitin were detected in SP2W2+S. The shrimp waste amendment carried out after the first thermophilic phase modified the microbial populations of biphasic composts. Following the amendment, the proportion of branched-chain microbial fatty acids typical of Gram-positive bacteria increased considerably suggesting that this group of bacteria became more prevalent within the total microbial population. These data suggests that the two-phase composting process promotes the proliferation of Gram-positive bacteria antagonistic to oomycete plant pathogens.