Abstract
Chemical substitution on different sites in superconducting phases affects the layer spacing and electric charge distribution along the c -axes and hence the charge carrier density in the Cu O 2 planes. Alkali element doping in Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O 8+ z (BSCCO) and Bi 2 Sr 2 YCu 2 O 8+ z (BSYCO) raises the T c while co-doping of Ca for Y and Al for Cu(1) in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− z (YBCO) leads to a gradual depression in the T c due to counterbalancing effects of Ca and Al doping.
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