Abstract
AbstractThe effects of NaOAc removal of carbonates, H2O2 removal of organic materials, and sodium citrate-bicarbonate-dithionite (SCBD) removal of iron oxides upon the X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) characteristics of clay minerals present within weathered volcanic ash deposits were examined. All pretreatments of samples derived from the Ae and Bhf horizons containing volcanic ash resulted in dramatic increases in XRD peak intensities, while the treatment of IIC-horizon samples resulted in subdued XRD peak intensities. Also, the chemical treatments produced an apparent increase in the amount of expandable clay minerals within the Ae horizon, due probably to the hydrolysis and removal of interlayer Al3+ when H2O2 and SCBD were used. Hence, poorly ordered and pedogenically modified vermiculite or vermiculite/montmorillonite interstratifications became “weathered” by H+ attack and Al3+ removal in a manner similar to the natural processes which take place in the acid and eluvial A horizon. In addition, possible XRD peak modification due to the dilution of crystalline clay concentrations by amorphous clay-size material appeared to be subordinate to the laboratory-induced chemical alteration of the weathered clay minerals.
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