Abstract
In order to study the effect of microgravity on the proliferation of mammalian osteosarcoma cells and osteoblasts, the changes in cell proliferation, spindle structure, expression of MAD2 or BUB1, and effect of MAD2 or BUB1 on the inhibition of cell proliferation is investigated by keeping mammalian osteosarcoma cells and osteoblasts under simulated microgravity in a rotating wall vessel (2D-RWVS) bioreactor. Experimental results indicate that the effect of microgravity on proliferation inhibition, incidence of multipolar spindles, and expression of MAD2 or BUB1 increases with the extension of treatment time. And multipolar cells enter mitosis after MAD2 or BUB1 is knocked down, which leads to the decrease in DNA content, and decrease the accumulation of cells within multipolar spindles. It can therefore be concluded that simulated microgravity can alter the structure of spindle microtubules, and stimulate the formation of multipolar spindles together with multicentrosomes, which causes the overexpression of SAC proteins to block the abnormal cells in metaphase, thereby inhibiting cell proliferation. By clarifying the relationship between cell proliferation inhibition, spindle structure and SAC changes under simulated microgravity, the molecular mechanism and morphology basis of proliferation inhibition induced by microgravity is revealed, which will give experiment and theoretical evidence for the mechanism of space bone loss and some other space medicine problems.
Highlights
The effect of microgravity on the proliferation of osteoblasts has attracted much attention from the research community in recent years because of its great importance for the mechanism of space bone loss and some other space medicine problems
On the basis of these findings, we assumed that microtubules can feel the change in tension and alter the spindle structure, and any change in the spindle structure can cause a change in the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) expression, which results in a cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition
In order to investigate the effect of simulated microgravity on the proliferation of osteosarcoma and osteoblast, cells are cultured under the gravity of 1 g and simulated microgravity to establish the cell growth curves
Summary
The effect of microgravity on the proliferation of osteoblasts has attracted much attention from the research community in recent years because of its great importance for the mechanism of space bone loss and some other space medicine problems. We tried to study the effect of simulated microgravity on the change in spindle structure and the proliferation inhabitation of mammalian osteosarcoma cells and osteoblasts by keeping them in a rotating wall vessel (2D-RWVS) bioreactor. Whether there is a change in the spindle structure in somatic cells under simulated microgravity, and the regulatory mechanism of that process have not been fully clarified yet so far. MAD2 and BUBl are the main components of a SAC signaling pathway Their expressions will increase to cause a cell cycle arrest when the spindle structure becomes abnormal. On the basis of these findings, we assumed that microtubules can feel the change in tension and alter the spindle structure, and any change in the spindle structure can cause a change in the SAC expression, which results in a cell cycle arrest and proliferation inhibition.
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