Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of three fungal species, Trichoderma harzianum (Th), T. viride (Tv), and T. vierns (Tvi), and ground seeds of fennel (Foeniculum vierns) and caraway (Carum carvi), and powdered leaves of basil (Ocimum basilicum) as soil amendments against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita on pea root, Pisum sativum under screen house conditions. The treatments were compared to a nematicide, carbofuran 10G, and untreated check. The tested materials significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced M. incognita on pea as indicated by the numbers of galls, egg masses, and J2 per root system in pots, either as single or combined treatments. The combined treatments caused higher average total percentages of nematode reduction than those achieved by single ones. The single treatments recorded the averages total percentages of nematode reduction ranged from 72.4 to 82.0%. Basil waste as single was superior in reducing nematode numbers of J2 and egg masses in root system per plant, as it achieved the highest average total percentages of nematode reduction (77.9%) than 73. 9 and 72.4% caused by fennel and caraway, respectively. In combined treatments, the average total percentages of nematode reduction ranged from 72.4 to 86.4%. Basil + (Th) caused the highest reduction (86.4%), followed by caraway+Tvi (86.3%) and caraway+Th (86.2%). The nematicide, carbofuran was as effective as most as the treatments in reducing nematode parameters. Also, the treatments highly increased growth and yield criteria of pea infected with M. incognita as indicated by shoot length and fresh and dry weights and root fresh weight, number and fresh and dry weights of pods.
Highlights
Pea, Pisum sativum L. is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in cool season throughout the world
The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of 3 species, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, and T. vierns, with certain medicinal plant wastes alone or in combination to manage the root-knot nematode infecting pea roots
Results showed that T. harzianum (Th), T. viride (Tv), or T. vierns (Tvi) and amended with basil, caraway, or fennel plant wastes significantly (P ≤ 0.05) reduced M. incognita
Summary
Pisum sativum L. is one of the most important vegetable crops grown in cool season throughout the world. Among various pathogens attacking pea plants, the rootknot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, is the most important one that attacks the roots (Anwar and Mcknery, 2010). Green manuring of plant parts has been carried out as a method for controlling the root-knot and other plantparasitic nematodes by several investigators (Youssef and Lashein, 2013; El-Nagdi et al.,2017; Abd El-Khair et al, 2018). Trichoderma spp. are basically mycoparasites (Papavizas, 1985), but in recent years, their suppressive effects against plant nematodes have been reported (Siddiqui and Shaukat, 2004; Javeed et al, 2016; Abd El-Khair et al.,2019). Soils rich in organic matter are generally colonized by some biocontrol agents such as T. harzianum that improve biocontrol activity.
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