Effect of cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi on wheat yields in Turkey

Mustafa İmren,Vahdettin Çi̇ftçi̇,Şenol Yildiz,Abdelfattah Dababat

doi:10.3906/tar-1902-17

Abstract

The cereal cyst nematode Heterodera filipjevi (Madzhidov) Stelter is an important yield-limiting soil-borne pathogen of wheat- and barley-growing areas, particularly in the semiarid regions throughout the world. In Turkey, cyst nematodes have been detected in several localities of wheat- and barley-growing areas. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of initial population densities (Pi) of Heterodera filipjevi on yield of susceptible (Seri-82) and resistant (Silverstar) wheat cultivars and to investigate nematode reproduction on wheat under rainfed conditions in Bolu Province in Turkey. The results indicated that cultivar Seri-82 showed higher sensitivity reaction to H. filipjevi than cultivar Silverstar. Yield reduction was negatively correlated with H. filipjevi initial population (Pi) for both wheat cultivars. Yield losses reached up to 40.5% and 8.54% for Seri-82 and Silverstar, respectively, at nematode density (Pi) (eggs + J2)/g soil of 44 and 38. There was a positive relationship between nematode Pi and final population (Pf), while the nematode reproduction factor (RF) was negatively correlated with nematode Pi of H. filipjevi on both wheat cultivars. Moreover, there was no relationship between the date of release of cultivars and their responses to the nematodes. Identification of resistance sources against H. filipjevi and the introduction of those into the selected germplasms by breeding programs is important for future studies.

Highlights

Wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are extensively grown under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions around the world due to their adaptability to wide climatic and geographic conditions as well as dietary traditions (Dababat et al, 2015)
The results of this study indicated that H. filipjevi has great potential to cause damage and yield losses in wheat cultivation in Bolu Province, Turkey, where H. filipjevicaused yield loss in cultivars Seri-82 and Silverstar averaged 8.54% and 40.5% in two-year experiments, Figure 1
Fard et al (2018) conducted field trials to evaluate the impact of H. filipjevi on three wheat cultivars and their results showed significant reductions in grain yield ranging between 19.5% and 27.8%

Summary

Introduction

Wheat (Triticum spp.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) are extensively grown under irrigated and nonirrigated conditions around the world due to their adaptability to wide climatic and geographic conditions as well as dietary traditions (Dababat et al, 2015). Abiotic and biotic agents are limiting factors to both wheat and barley cultivation, which negatively affect agronomic yield parameters such as plant height, straw yield, weight of 1000 kernels, and grain yield (Sikora, 1988; Scholz, 2001; Nicol et al, 2003; Dababat et al, 2016). Plant parasitic nematodes (PPNs) are among the most commonly encountered soilborne biotic agents that attack wheat and barley and cause significant yield loss of up to $100 billion (Urwin et al, 1997; Bird and Kaloshian, 2003). Among the PPNs, the cereal cyst nematodes (CCNs) of the Heterodera avenae complex are important nematode pests of wheat, oats, and barley in many countries (Dababat et al, 2015). The CCN species H. avenae (Wollenweber), H. filipjevi Madzhidov (Stelter), and H. latipons (Franklin) are the most frequently encountered cyst nematode species attacking cereals, wheat and barley (Rivoal and Cook, 1993; McDonald and Nicol, 2005).

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