Abstract
Placing antennas of low power base stations below surrounding buildings, as in urban microcells, makes propagation characteristics strongly dependent on the building environment. As a result, propagation in these urban microcells is nonisotropic, so that the assumption of circular cells used in planning of conventional cellular systems is no longer valid. Assuming circular cells leads to a more conservative system design, implying more base stations. This work investigates the effect of cell shape, due to non-isotropic propagation, on the out-of-cell interference and Erlang capacity of CDMA system. Propagation is described by measurement derived models for low antennas in a rectangular urban street grid. The analysis is done for soft handoff protocols
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