Effect of Cd2+ element substitution at the Nd3+ site on the magnetic, the magnetocaloric and hysteresis properties of Nd1-xCdxMnO3 perovskite: Monte Carlo study

Abstract

In this work, we use the Monte Carlo simulations (MCS) based on the heat bath algorithm to study the magnetic properties, the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) and the hysteresis loops behavior of Cd2+ element substitution at the Nd3+ site in the NdMnO3 simple perovskite. The thermal variation of the total magnetization and the total susceptibility in the presence of the external magnetic field h is given for different values of x (from 0.0 to 0.5) in order to examine the effect of the dilution on the magnetic properties. From the variation of the magnetization as a function of temperature, the transition temperature Tc of the compound NdMnO3 from the ferromagnetic phase to the paramagnetic one has been deduced and it depends on the value of the x. The magnetic entropy change ΔSm, the adiabatic temperature change ΔTad are obtained for different values of the external magnetic field. The isothermal magnetizations versus magnetic field are obtained at different temperatures. Finally, the magnetic hysteresis cycles have been obtained for different values of x and temperature. The remanent magnetization and the magnetic coercive field of the system decreases with increasing the value of x and the temperature.