Abstract
Potential beneficial effects of bioactive peptides derived from casein on epithelial cellular wound healing in the gastrointestinal tract were studied. Bovine casein was digested by a combination of pepsin and pancreatic proteases at different time intervals to represent ranges of duration of gastrointestinal digestion. Intestinal epithelial cells were used as an in vitro model of the small intestine. The effect of casein hydrolysates on cell migration was studied by scratch assay as a model of wound healing. Casein digested by pepsin and pancreatin for 10 to 30 min were found to have a significant stimulatory effect of >40% on cell migration relative to the control. A potential effect of casein gastrointestinal digests on gastro-intestinal wound healing has not previously been reported. The peptide profiles of active as well as inactive casein hydrolysates were characterised by liquid chromatography coupled to ion trap tandem mass spectrometry. By comparison of identified peptides in active and inactive casein hydrolysates, a pool of 11 peptides derived from casein were identified as potential candidates for effects on cell migration. Searching the milk bioactive peptide database (MBPDB) showed that 15 of the identified peptides had known biological functions such as antimicrobial, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory activity.
Highlights
Apart from its supply of amino acids, nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, milk contains a range of peptides encrypted in proteins with biological functions, e.g., protection against infection [1] and promoting development of the gut [2]
The aim of the present study is to investigate potential beneficial effects of bioactive peptides derived from casein by digestive enzymes on the initial part of epithelial cellular wound healing in the gastro-intestinal tract, using an in vitro cell model for wound healing, and to identify peptides present in active preparations using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionisation mass spectrometry (LC-ESI/MS/MS)
This was conducted after the hydrolysates had been filtrated by 10 kDa and 3 kDa filters
Summary
Apart from its supply of amino acids, nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, milk contains a range of peptides encrypted in proteins with biological functions, e.g., protection against infection [1] and promoting development of the gut [2]. Studies have shown that bioactive peptides are encrypted within the sequences of both casein and whey proteins [3], and can be released by hydrolysis during gastro-intestinal digestion [4,5]. A recent study further found that a peptide from camel milk could be beneficial towards diabetic wound healing [11]. Taken together, this suggests a possibility for a positive effect of milk protein hydrolysates on intestinal tissue maintenance and repair at conditions of stomach ulcers or at other clinical conditions like IBD
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