Abstract
BackgroundCarissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and hormonal disorder as well as in oxidative stress in Pakistan and Asia. The present study was designed to assess the protective effects of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves (MLC) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced reproductive stress in male rats and bioactive constituents responsible for the activity.MethodsCCl4 was induced in 42 male rats for eight weeks and checked the protective efficacy of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca leaves at various hormonal imbalances, alteration of antioxidant enzymes, DNA fragmentation levels and lipid peroxidation caused testicular fibrosis in testis while High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) was used for detection of bioactive components.ResultsHPLC characterization revealed the presence of isoquercitin , hyperoside , vitexin , myricetin and kaempherol. CCl4 caused significant alteration in the secretion of reproductive hormones. Activity of antioxidant enzymes viz; catalase, superoxide dimutase and phase II metabolizing enzymes including glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and reduced glutathione was decreased while DNA fragmentation, hydrogen per oxide contents and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were increased with CCl4 treatment. Co-administration of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w. MLC effectively ameliorated the alterations in the biochemical markers; hormonal and molecular levels.ConclusionProtective effects of methanolic extract of Carissa opaca against CCl4−induced antioxidant and hormonal dysfunction which might be due to bioactive compound present in extract.
Highlights
Carissa opaca leaves are traditionally used in the treatment of male dysfunction and hormonal disorder as well as in oxidative stress in Pakistan and Asia
After incubation precipitated DNA was recovered by pelleting for 10 min at 18,000 × g at 4°C. 160 μl of 5% TCA was Phytochemical determination High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) In the present study, High performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)-UV was preferred for the qualitative as well as quantitative analysis of methanolic extract of C. opaca leaves
All experimental conditions were optimized to get the chromatograms with better resolution within a short resolution time and maximum UV absorption of sample and flavonoid standard compounds were quantified by assimilation of peak areas at 220 nm within runtime of 20 minutes as summarized in
Summary
Carissa opaca Stapf ex Hanes a 2–3 meter tall evergreen shrub containing glabrous fruits widely found in Pakistan [9] This plant is used for the treatment of asthma [10], hepatitis [11], diarrhea [12] and renal dysfunction [13]. The present study was conducted to examine the toxic upshots of CCl4 plus to compare the beneficial effects of plant extracts on reproductive hormonal disturbance and activity of antioxidant enzymes in various experimental groups. In this respect, several parameters regarding the testicular injury and fibrosis were studied
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