Abstract
Carbenicillin and cefotaxime, two antibiotics routinely employed to exclude Agrobacterium tumefaciens during plant transformation, were studied for their effects on callus growth and the formation of somatic embryos. Antibiotics were tested to see how they responded to the regeneration of Malaysian indica rice cv. MR219. In a preliminary study, callus fresh weight gain appeared to be improved in media containing 200 mg/L carbenicillin and 300-400 mg/L cefotaxime but was severely hindered in media containing higher concentrations. Somatic embryos were discovered in greater numbers in the medium containing 200 mgl-1 carbenicillin or 300 mgl-1 cefotaxime, at 76 and 71, respectively. It was possible that these antibiotics showed a positive response on somatic embryos development when compared to those without antibiotics. Carbenicillin and cefotaxime concentrations greater than 300 mg/L should not be utilized for the process
Highlights
During the recent decade, significant progress has been made in plant transformation, with Agrobacterium mediation being used in several cases Nauerby et al (1997)
Antibiotics have become commonplace in plant tissue culture for Agrobacterium-mediated DNA transfer
Antibiotics are given to culture media for reduce the growth of Agrobacterium that could interfere with plant regeneration
Summary
Significant progress has been made in plant transformation, with Agrobacterium mediation being used in several cases Nauerby et al (1997). Many antibiotics have been described for effective control of Agrobacterium cells, carbenicillin and cefotaxime, both belonging to the b-lactam group, have minimal toxicity on most plant tissues and have become the most widely accepted in Agrobacterium-mediated transformation Mathias and Boyd (1986). Both antibiotics, have been shown to have plant hormone-like effects in cultured plant tissues and may alter somatic embryogenesis in a variety of plant species Nauerby et al (1997). The effects of carbenicillin and cefotaxime on callus proliferation and somatic embryos initiation during the plant regeneration process of Malaysian indica rice cv.MR219 were examined
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