Abstract
The most common use of cannabis is smoking. The oral ecosystem, among other constituents, can be deregulated by the presence of cannabis smoke in the oral cavity. We evaluated the effect of cannabis smoke condensate (CSC) on the behavior of Candida albicans, a common yeast found in the oral cavity. The yeast was first cultured with different concentrations of CSC, and its growth was evaluated. The transition from the blastospore to the hyphal form and the hyphae size were assessed after 3 and 6 h, along with biofilm formation after 72 h of contact with CSC. The response of C. albicans to oxidative (H2O2) stress was also examined. Our results show that CSC contained high amounts of THC (about 1055 ppm), CBN (63 ppm), and CBG (about 47 ppm). The presence of various concentrations of CSC in the culture medium increased C. albicans growth. CSC also contributed to increases in both the hyphal length and biofilm mass. Following oxidative stress (H2O2 at either 100 or 500 μM), CSC prevented the damaging effect of H2O2 on both C. albicans shape and growth. These findings support clinical observations demonstrating that cannabis may promote C. albicans growth and oral candidiasis.
Highlights
The mouth, a critical point of entry to the body, contains different tissue structures, including soft and hard tissues
Cannabis smoke chemicals adhering to the polypropylene container were extracted using 10 mL of 95% ethanol. This solution was evaporated under a chemical hood to reduce the 10 mL of ethanol to 1 mL. This 1 mL volume of cannabis smoke condensate was mixed with mL of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) or Sabouraud medium to constitute a stock solution of cannabis smoke condensate (CSC) at a total volume of mL, representing 20 mL per cannabis cigarette, as we previously reported with cigarette smoke condensate [22,23]
5f), these control cells (Figure 5a). These results demonstrate that CSC protected C. albicans from the features disappeared, resulting oxidative stress induced by H2in
Summary
The mouth, a critical point of entry to the body, contains different tissue structures, including soft (the gingival mucosa and tongue) and hard (the teeth, bone, and hard palate) tissues. These tissue structures play key roles in oral health. In addition to the different tissues, the mouth (oral cavity) houses a complex microbiota ecosystem consisting of hundreds of bacterial and fungal species. As part of the normal microbial flora found in the oral cavity, this ubiquitous yeast is the most common cause of mucosal and invasive fungal infections observed in humans [2,3]. Oral candidiasis can be promoted under a variety of conditions, including the presence of exogenous substances, such as cigarette and cannabis smoke [4,5]
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