Abstract
The use of water in agriculture should be monitored in order to be more efficient, with irrigation being the largest consumer of water in rural areas. Small farmers who are part of family farming have few resources to develop profitable activities and aiming their well-being, have created family irrigation kits which is a small drip irrigation system. The systems durability depends of some factors like clogging risk of drippers, which is often caused by the quality of the water used or the application of fertilizers to the irrigation water. This research aimed to analyze a family irrigation system with application of red potassium chloride, followed by a chemical agent to clear drippers (calcium hypochlorite) with water application before and after the fertilizer and chemical products (four treatments). At the after, the evaluations were analyzed with statistical quality control charts where the problem was detected in the final of application of the fertilizer, and the process capacity was analyzed showing that it was capable and also was analyzed the degree of system clogging in relation to the obstruction with the fertilizer and clearing with the chemical agent, which resulted in the recovery of the irrigation system (initial flow and distribution uniformity same the final) with recommendations for the use of fertilizers by drip irrigation like open the end lines after the fertigation and dissolve the fertilizer fully before application.
Highlights
IntroductionIn 2010, irrigation activity was responsible for 54% of the water withdrawal in Brazil, followed by urban, industrial, animal and farm human supplies (ANA, 2012)
In 2010, irrigation activity was responsible for 54% of the water withdrawal in Brazil, followed by urban, industrial, animal and farm human supplies (ANA, 2012).Irrigation has contributed greatly to the increase in world agricultural production in recent decades
That irrigation is characterized by the application of small volumes of water with high frequency and directly in the root zone of the crops, keeping the soil close to the field capacity and avoiding water loss through evaporation and deep percolation (Frizzone, Freitas, Rezende, & Faria, 2012)
Summary
In 2010, irrigation activity was responsible for 54% of the water withdrawal in Brazil, followed by urban, industrial, animal and farm human supplies (ANA, 2012). Irrigation has contributed greatly to the increase in world agricultural production in recent decades. 62% of the world’s irrigated area uses surface water sources, while 38% of the areas are irrigated with groundwater (FAO, 2011). According to Christofidis (2006), irrigated areas account for 18% of the world’s arable land and represent 44% of agricultural production. Brazil has approximately 29 million hectares of irrigation potential, only 5.8 million hectares are irrigated (ANA, 2015), but the potential for expansion of the irrigation area may be much higher. According to Tolentino Júnior, Marinho, Souza, and Frizzone (2014), drip irrigation is one of the fastest growing technologies in irrigated agriculture. That irrigation is characterized by the application of small volumes of water with high frequency and directly in the root zone of the crops, keeping the soil close to the field capacity and avoiding water loss through evaporation and deep percolation (Frizzone, Freitas, Rezende, & Faria, 2012)
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