Effect of Calcination on the Ash from Lokon Volcano and Its Potentially Sustainable Binder Material

Abstract

The need for cement as a housing construction material has continued to increase due to the growing population. This high demand increases carbon dioxide emissions. Hence, it is necessary to optimize the use of natural pozzolan material. Volcanic ash is a natural pozzolan material in North Sulawesi, but its use could be more optimal. This study aimed to determine the effect of calcination on the physical properties of volcanic ash originating from the eruption of Mount Lokon. The calcination was carried out to determine the potential of Lokon ash at different temperatures to assess the structural characteristics, mineral phases, metal oxide composition, functional group bonding, morphology, and its potential as a binder for concrete mixtures. The ash material used comes from sand taken from the Pasahapen River and filtered through a 325-mesh sieve. Lokon ash was calcined at temperatures of 800, 900, and 1000oC to determine the structural and morphological characteristics. At the same time, the effects were examined using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray fluorescence (XRF), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The results showed that calcination triggered the formation of hematite in the ash, which will increase its reactivity as a pozzolan material. This process causes the crystallinity of ash minerals to increase, but the ash material produced is predominantly amorphous. Hence, it has excellent potential as a binder material in concrete mixtures.