Abstract
Studies on the oral health of individuals with intellectual disability (ID) have identified problems that include a high prevalence of periodontal disease. The use of probiotics to treat periodontal disease has been the focus of considerable research, and bovine milk fermented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus L8020 (L8020 yogurt) has been shown to reduce the oral prevalence of four periodontal pathogens. ObjectiveThe aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was to compare the effects of L8020 yogurt (test group) with those of placebo yogurt (placebo group) on the papillary-marginal-attached (PMA) index, gingival index (GI), and probing depth (PD) in 23 individuals with ID.MethodologyAll patients were required to consume the allocated yogurt after breakfast for 90 days. PMA index and GI scores as well as PDs were assessed before the start of yogurt consumption (baseline), after 45 and 90 days of consumption, and 30 days after the cessation of consumption. Student’s t-test, Mann–Whitney U test or Fisher’s exact test was used for inter-group comparisons, and the mixed effect model of repeated measurements was used for data analysis.ResultsThe decrease in PMA index score was significantly greater in the test group than in the placebo group (p<0.001). The GI score also decreased during the study, with a tendency for greater decrease in the test group. Furthermore, decreases in PD between baseline, 45 and 90 days tended to be greater in the test group than in the placebo group.ConclusionThese results suggest that regular consumption of bovine milk fermented with L. rhamnosus L8020 can lower the risk of periodontal disease in individuals with ID.
Highlights
Intellectual disability (ID) is defined as subaverage general intellectual function and is associated with impaired adaptive behavior.1 Many researchers have reported that individuals with ID have worse oral hygiene and higher rates of dental disease than ordinary individuals.2-4 Reported oral healthrelated problems in individuals with ID include poor oral hygiene, progressed dental caries, and a high prevalence of periodontal disease.5 The oral health status of these patients is affected by their patterns of cognition, developmental age,6 and other factors such as age, the personality and compliance of the caregiver, and the presence of underlying diseases, including physical disabilities.2 Individuals with ID experience difficulty in understanding the importance of oral health and tend to co-operate less for oral cleaning procedures
The mean decreases in the PMA index score from baseline to 90 days and from baseline to 120 days were significantly greater in the test group than in the placebo group [−11.6 (1.6) vs. −5.4 (1.7), p=0.010; −10.8 (1.6) vs. −4.1 (1.6), p=0.006, respectively; Figure 2B]
We found that regular consumption of bovine milk fermented with L. rhamnosus L8020 (L8020 yogurt) can lower the risk of periodontal disease in individuals with ID
Summary
Intellectual disability (ID) is defined as subaverage general intellectual function and is associated with impaired adaptive behavior. Many researchers have reported that individuals with ID have worse oral hygiene and higher rates of dental disease than ordinary individuals. Reported oral healthrelated problems in individuals with ID include poor oral hygiene, progressed dental caries, and a high prevalence of periodontal disease. The oral health status of these patients is affected by their patterns of cognition, developmental age, and other factors such as age, the personality and compliance of the caregiver, and the presence of underlying diseases, including physical disabilities. Individuals with ID experience difficulty in understanding the importance of oral health and tend to co-operate less for oral cleaning procedures. Many researchers have reported that individuals with ID have worse oral hygiene and higher rates of dental disease than ordinary individuals.. Reported oral healthrelated problems in individuals with ID include poor oral hygiene, progressed dental caries, and a high prevalence of periodontal disease.. The oral health status of these patients is affected by their patterns of cognition, developmental age, and other factors such as age, the personality and compliance of the caregiver, and the presence of underlying diseases, including physical disabilities.. Individuals with ID experience difficulty in understanding the importance of oral health and tend to co-operate less for oral cleaning procedures. Because maintenance of a healthy oral environment in patients with ID is not easy, available measures for the prevention of oral disease and improvement of oral hygiene in these individuals are limited, necessary.
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