Abstract
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition resulting from severe infection. High rates of mortality and tissue damage have been reported in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with sepsis. Bovine lactoferrin (BLF) is a well-known 80-kDa glycoprotein in the transferrin family that inhibits sepsis in low-birth-weight neonates. The present study investigated the protective effects of BLF in a rat model of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). The wet/dry ratio, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant markers, total protein, total cell count, inflammatory markers and myeloperoxidase (MPO) levels were assessed. Histopathological analysis was also carried out. BLF treatment reduced the wet/dry ratio of lung tissue by 30.7% and 61.3%, and lipid peroxidation by 22.3% and 67%, at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (Gpx) and catalase were increased by more than 50% under treatment with 200 mg/kg BLF. Inflammatory markers, neutrophils, lymphocytes and total cell count were reduced by more than 50% under treatment with 200 mg/kg BLF. BLF treatment significantly reduced MPO activity, by 28.2% and 74.3%, at concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/kg, respectively. Neutrophilic infiltration and edema were observed in control rats. However, BLF treatment restored intestinal microvilli to the normal range and reduced inflammatory cell invasion. Collectively, these results suggest that BLF is an effective therapeutic agent against sepsis-induced ALI.
Highlights
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition caused by severe infection (Taşcı et al 2017)
Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality (Fang et al 2012), and is responsible for 74,500 deaths
The wet/dry ratio of tissue increased by 406.2% in the control rats (Fig. 1, P < 0.05)
Summary
Sepsis is a serious clinical condition caused by severe infection (Taşcı et al 2017). Researchers have reported that sepsis is associated with high rates of mortality and tissue damage in intensive care unit (ICU) patients (Baracchi et al 2011). Acute lung injury (ALI) is associated with tachypnea and hypoxemia (Randhawa and Bellingan 2007), and researchers have reported that acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is linked with ALI (Matthay et al 2012). ALI is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality (Fang et al 2012), and is responsible for 74,500 deaths. Manzoni et al (2009) reported that BLF inhibits sepsis in low-birthweight neonates. Chen et al (2014) demonstrated the therapeutic effect of aerosolized BLF on lung injury and fibrosis in mice. Cutone et al (2019) reported that aerosolized BLF reduced infection, iron imbalance and inflammation in chronic lung infection, and Hegazy et al (2016) demonstrated renoprotective effects of BLF
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