Abstract
In Chile, gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and leak (Rhizopus stolonifer) are the major storage diseases of strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) that considerably reduce yields and quality, limiting its international commercialization. The effect of preharvest fungicide treatments and postharvest treatments against storage decays was studied. Based on the results obtained, the incidence of B. cinerea and R. stolonifer was significantly lower on "Camarosa" strawberry fruits treated with boscalid or boscalid + pyraclostrobin between blossom and harvest. Similarly, incidence of B. cinerea and R. stolonifer significantly decreased at 5 deg C and 20 deg C after immersion treatments with boscalid (600 to 700 mg LE-1) or cyprodinil + fludioxonil (371 + 250 mg LE-1). These postharvest treatments provided 5 and 15 days protection against these molds when strawberry fruits were stored at 20 deg C and 5 deg C, respectively. Fenhexamid (750 mg LE-1) arrested B. cinerea, but it was ineffective against R. stolonifer. Variable results were obtained with iprodione (750 mg LE-1). Fungicide treatments had no adverse effect on total soluble content, titrable acidity and firmness. Only boscalid + pyraclostrobin affected the external color of the treated fruits. In conclusion, fungicide treatments using new reduced-risk fungicides can be useful to extend strawberry shelf life for over a 15 day period. However, further research is needed to establish a commercial recommendation.
Highlights
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is a nonclimateric fruit characterized by a short postharvest life, often estimated in less than 5 days
The following formulated fungicides were used in these studies: boscalid (Cantus 50 WG, BASF), boscalid combined with pyraclostrobin (Bellis, 25.2 + 12.8 WG, BASF), cyprodinil (Vangard 50 WG, Syngenta Agribusiness), cyprodinil combined with fludioxonil (Switch, 37.5 + 25.0 WG, Syngenta Agribusiness), fenhexamid (Teldor 50 WP, Bayer CropScience), fludioxonil (Acholar 50 WP, Syngenta Agribusiness), iprodione (Rovral 50 WP, Bayer CropScience), and pyraclostrobin (Comet 25 EC, BASF)
The mean EC50 values estimated for isolates of B. cinerea were 0.5 μg ml-1 for boscalid, 0.3 μg ml-1 for cyprodinil, 0.4 μg ml-1 for fludioxonil, 0.7 μg ml-1 for fenhexamid, 1.0 μg ml-1 for pyraclostrobin and 2.0 mg l-1 for iprodione
Summary
Strawberry (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) is a nonclimateric fruit characterized by a short postharvest. The introduction of new reduced-risk fungicides, as low mammalian toxicity, low toxicity to nontarget organisms, low potential for groundwater contamination, compatible with integrated pest management practices (Adaskaveg et al, 2005), opens the possibility to use chemical control strategies to protect strawberries, prolonging their shelf life. Among these fungicides, boscalid (= nicobifen) has been suggested to control B. cinerea and R. stolonifer on strawberry and other fruit crops (Latorre et al, 2002b; Adaskaveg et al, 2005). The aims of this research study were to determine the effect of boscalid and other fungicide treatments against B. cinerea and R. stolonifer, and to study the effect of infield treatments to control postharvest decays of strawberry during storage
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