Abstract

To investigate roles of bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling in cartilage and bone formation, tissue-specific transgenic and conditional knockout mice have been generated. BMP ligands, antagonists, receptors, Smads, and Smurfs were overexpressed or deleted. Comparison of phenotypes between these mice have elucidated general roles of BMP signals as well as individual effect of each molecule during endochondral bone formation.

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