Abstract
The objective of this research was to survey the antioxidant functional role of the main anthocyanins of blueberries in endothelial cells. Changes on the reactive oxygen species (ROS), xanthine oxidase-1 (XO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) in cells of malvidin and the two glycosides were investigated. The results showed that these anthocyanins decreased the levels of ROS and XO-1 but increased the levels of SOD and HO-1. Glycosides improved the antioxidant capacity of malvidin to a great extent. The changes in the antioxidant properties of malvidin-3-glucoside were more pronounced than malvidin-3-galactoside. Variation in levels of malvidin-3-glucoside and malvidin-3-galactoside had a significant impact on antioxidant properties to different extents. It indicates that blueberries are a good resource of anthocyanins, which can protect cells from oxidative deterioration and use blueberry as a potential functional food to prevent diseases related to oxidative stress.
Highlights
There have been intense interest and active researches in the area of dietary antioxidants to develop functional food products [1]
Dulbecco’s phosphate buffer saline, malvidin, malvidin-3glucoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, and trypsin were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co., Ltd. (Nanjing, China)
xanthine oxidase-1 (XO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and HO1 ELISA Kit were obtained from Boster Biotechnology Inc. (Wuhan, China)
Summary
There have been intense interest and active researches in the area of dietary antioxidants to develop functional food products [1]. Rabbiteye blueberries (Vaccinium ashei) are used as endogenous antioxidant defense ingredients in the modern health-conscious food industry, due to their significant levels of anthocyanins, phenolic acids, and vitamins [2, 3]. The health benefits of blueberries have been reported as reduction of coronary heart disease risk, visual improvement, and antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory effects [4]. The composition and molecular structure of anthocyanin determine the functional properties of blueberries [5]. Malvidin possesses great antioxidant capacity with excellent free radical scavenging properties in vitro [7]. Malvidin exhibits antihypertensive activity by inhibiting angiotensin Iconverting enzyme and anti-inflammatory effect by blocking
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