Abstract
Blast injuries are very common among soldiers deployed in politically unstable regions such as Afghanistan and Iraq, and also in a battle field anywhere in the world. Understanding the mechanics of interaction of blasts with the skin and bone at various parts of the human body is the key to designing effective personal protective equipment (PPE's) which can mitigate blast impacts. In the current work, subject-specific 3D computational models of the skin (with the three layers namely the epidermis, dermis and the hypodermis (muscles)) and bone sections from various parts of the human body (such as the elbow, finger, wrist, cheek bone, forehead, shin etc.) have been developed to study the effect of blast loading. Non-linear material properties have been adopted for the skin and stress impulses at the different skin layers and bone sections are estimated. To date, such an extensive study on the effect of blast loading on the human skin and bone has not been attempted. The results of this study would be indispensable for medical practitioners to understand the effect of blast trauma and plan effective post-traumatic surgical strategies, and also for developing better PPE designs for the military in the future.
Highlights
Blast injuries are common in a battlefield, and often, severe injuries with post-traumatic effects (such as the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)) are observed in such blast situations, than death
Understanding the mechanics of interaction of blasts with the skin and bone at various parts of the human body is the key to designing effective personal protective equipment (PPE’s) which can mitigate blast impacts
Our current work aims to further investigate the mechanics of interaction of blasts with the various skin layers namely the epidermis, dermis, the hypodermis, and the bone section, at various locations of the human body, using novel subject-specific computational modelling techniques
Summary
Blast injuries are common in a battlefield, and often, severe injuries with post-traumatic effects (such as the Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)) are observed in such blast situations, than death. Blast loading can inflict enough stress on the body to cause it to be flung onto a structure where tertiary blast injury can occur. It can even cause a mutilating blast injury, or traumatic amputation of one or more of the body parts. Our current work aims to further investigate the mechanics of interaction of blasts with the various skin layers namely the epidermis, dermis, the hypodermis (or muscle), and the bone section, at various locations of the human body, using novel subject-specific computational modelling techniques.
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