Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential positive effect of black grape juice (BGJ) on lipid peroxidation considering Total Body Irradiation (TBI) in Wistar rats. As a potential feasible means of evaluation in situ, blood serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were evaluated as a marker for heart damage from acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Twenty rats were divided into four groups, two of them being irradiated by gamma-rays from a Co-60 source. Animals were treated by gavage with 2 mL per day of BGJ or placebo for one week before and 4 days after 6 Gy whole body gamma-irradiation, when they were euthanasiated. LDH on serum and lipid peroxidation on heart tissue were evaluated. High concentration of metabolites from lipid peroxidation in heart, and high LDH level on serum were found only in gamma-irradiated group given placebo, mainly at the first 24 h after radiation. Phytochemical analysis of BGJ was performed by determining total phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins followed by a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD) analysis, which showed resveratrol as the major constituent. Results suggest that BGJ is a good protective candidate compound against heart damage from ARS and its effects suggest its use as a radiomodifier.
Highlights
Ionizing radiation can be defined as an electromagnetic radiation or a high-energy particle capable of depositing its energy or a fraction when it interacts with atoms leading to ionization [1].Pathophysiological consequences of the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological systems may come either from direct and indirect modes
The results showed a significant increase in endogenous spleen colonies in irradiated mice pre-treated with green tea in comparison to those pre-treated with the isolated compounds [19]
This fact can be justified by the variations in phytochemical components of grapes which are common when collected in different periods
Summary
Ionizing radiation can be defined as an electromagnetic radiation or a high-energy particle capable of depositing its energy or a fraction when it interacts with atoms leading to ionization [1].Pathophysiological consequences of the interaction of ionizing radiation with biological systems may come either from direct and indirect modes. The indirect mode supports the model of radiation energy transfer directly to water molecules producing oxidizing metabolites such as singlet oxygen (1O2), superoxide anion (O2●) and hydroxyl radical (OH). In this case, the result is a possible cell death or malfunction due to the interactions between biomolecules and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen reactive species (NRS) [2]. ROS are capable of damaging the cell membrane and proteins at the nucleus This situation may change the functional activity of the cell with a possible further death pathway or undesirable organic states [3]
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